Look up any district to see what the government's CGWB groundwater reports found in its water: fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, uranium, iron, salinity and now manganese, lead and zinc from the 2025 release, checked against the BIS drinking-water limits. The same official data, made readable.
Click any district on the map, or search above. Height and colour are how far the worst well sits over its BIS limit.
Pick a district on the map, or search above, to open its report here.
India's Central Ground Water Board flagged 644 of the 755 districts it monitored for at least one contaminant above the BIS drinking-water limit, across its 2024 and 2025 reports.
Districts flagged out of 755 monitored, 2024 and 2025 combined.
Each figure is the highest single reading CGWB recorded for that contaminant anywhere in India across the 2024 and 2025 reports.
The 2025 release added three contaminants CGWB had not reported at this level before: manganese, lead and zinc. Lead is now flagged in 28 districts.
Data: CGWB Annual Ground Water Quality Reports 2024 (NHS 2023-24, 15,259 monitoring locations) and 2025 (pre-monsoon 2024 location annexures). Limits: BIS IS 10500:2012. Extracted 2026-06-12. District records were deduplicated to 755 canonical entries, merging 61 duplicate spellings.
Two things to know about how the numbers are read. CGWB's annexures list sites at or above a limit, so a handful of readings sit exactly on the limit rather than above it, and we carry them as listed rather than dropping them. And where a district was sampled in both years, the range shown is the year with the worse reading, with the year printed alongside, so a bad result is never hidden by a milder one the following year.
All 755 districts, 9 parameters, measured ranges and BIS standards. Free, no sign-up, licensed for reuse including in research papers and reports.
Also available: plain text summary. Licensed CC BY 4.0, which permits use in research papers, articles and commercial work with attribution to vsctimes.com. Source: CGWB Annual Ground Water Quality Reports 2024 and 2025, Government of India. To cite: vsctimes.com, Groundwater Quality Report India, CGWB 2024-2025 data, retrieved 2026.
Interactive ranking from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports. Switch contaminants, then click any state to browse its districts. % of monitored wells over 1.5 mg/L.
How many districts CGWB flagged for each contaminant, and where the highest readings were recorded. Ranges cover only the sites that exceeded a limit, not the whole district.
CGWB 2024 and 2025 groundwater findings for every monitored district in India, checked against BIS IS 10500 drinking-water limits. A flag means at least one monitored well exceeded a limit; confirm your own borewell or tap with a TDS meter and, where flagged, a lab test.
Andaman & Nicobar Islands groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (2 of 3 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in South Andaman district, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity, fluoride, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.307 to 4.393 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,926 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in South Andaman.
Across Andaman & Nicobar Islands, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 113) and 0% exceeded the nitrate limit (0 of 113), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nicobars district, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in North and Middle Andaman district, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.915 to 4.841 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Andhra Pradesh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (26 of 26 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 354 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,304 to 4,237 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Guntur.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 3,100 to 84,660 µS/cm across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,984 to 54,182 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Kurnool.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, which is also written as S.P.S. Nellore, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 540 mg/L across 15 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,285 to 5,920 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Nellore.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in NTR district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 194 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,789 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in NTR.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Palnadu district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 560 mg/L across 20 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,952 to 11,302 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Palnadu.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.47 to 32.64 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,029 to 8,000 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Prakasam.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sri Satya Sai district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 581 mg/L across 29 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,939 to 2,566 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Sri Satya Sai.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, which is also written as Vizag, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 300 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 6,989 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Visakhapatnam.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in YSR Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 2,296 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,989 to 8,557 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in YSR Kadapa.
Across Andhra Pradesh, 11.31% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (130 of 1,149) and 23.5% exceeded the nitrate limit (270 of 1,149), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Alluri sita rama raju district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 103 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Anakapalli district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 320 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,959 to 2,419 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.03 to 8.71 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,465 to 2,689 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Annamayya district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 232 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,174 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Bapatla district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 95 to 105 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,999 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 75 to 156 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,408 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.08 to 30.67 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,105 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Eluru district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 201 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,967 to 3,210 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kakinada district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 198 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,273 to 6,867 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Konaseema district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 54 to 102 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.03 to 32.15 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,179 to 15,424 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Nandyal district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 46 to 179 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Parvathipuram Manyam district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 139 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 247 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,125 to 2,138 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 3,450 to 5,965 µS/cm across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,208 to 3,818 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.15 to 23.7 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,278 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.05 to 4.47 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,801 to 6,004 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Arunachal Pradesh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (3 of 25 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Papum Pare district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.373 to 0.839 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across Arunachal Pradesh, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 12) and 0% exceeded the nitrate limit (0 of 12), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Anjaw district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 5.666 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in East Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kamle district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kra Daadi district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kurung Kumey district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Lepa Rada district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Longding district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Lower Dibang Valley district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Lower Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Lower Subansiri district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Namsai district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Pakke Kessang district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Shi Yomi district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Tirap district, Arunachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 3.22 to 3.36 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Upper Dibang Valley district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Upper Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Upper Subansiri district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in West Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Assam groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (28 of 34 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Dibrugarh district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron, manganese and lead in the 2025 release. Lead measured 0.015 to 0.307 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.01 mg/L.
Across Assam, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 155) and 0% exceeded the nitrate limit (0 of 155), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kamrup Metropolitan district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Baksa district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.389 to 3.206 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Barpeta district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 16.931 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Biswanath district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.327 to 1.883 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bongaigaon district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.01 to 3.01 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Cachar district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron, manganese and lead in 2025. Iron measured 1.061 to 20.434 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Charaideo district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.397 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chirang district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Darrang district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.414 to 0.68 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dhemaji district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.037 to 1.329 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dhubri district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Dima Hasao district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in East Karbi Anglong district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.03 to 4.02 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Goalpara district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic, manganese and lead in 2025. Iron measured 1.065 to 12.922 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Golaghat district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and arsenic and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.414 to 2.326 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hailakandi district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 6.528 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hojai district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 3.258 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jorhat district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.446 to 1.827 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kamrup district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and fluoride, iron, arsenic, manganese and lead in 2025. Manganese measured 0.41 to 3.662 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Karbi Anglong district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron, arsenic and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.397 to 2.849 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kokrajhar district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and lead in the 2025 release. Lead measured 0.096 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.01 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Lakhimpur district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and arsenic and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.4 to 1.532 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Majuli district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Morigaon district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.443 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,298 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Nagaon district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 6.98 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nalbari district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron, arsenic and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.712 to 1.318 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sivasagar district, Assam, which is also written as Sibsagar, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron, arsenic and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 9.156 to 10.92 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sonitpur district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.229 to 6.822 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in South Salmara Mankachar district, Assam, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Sribhumi (Karimganj) district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 9.023 to 21.077 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Tinsukia district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.031 to 6.301 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Udalguri district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron, manganese and lead in 2025. Iron measured 1.373 to 8.491 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in West Karbi Anglong district, Assam, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.441 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Bihar groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (37 of 38 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Bhagalpur district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.1 to 7.06 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Bihar, 4.58% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (37 of 808) and 2.35% exceeded the nitrate limit (19 of 808), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bhojpur district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in 2025. Arsenic measured 10.95 to 260.99 ppb across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across Bihar, 4.58% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (37 of 808) and 2.35% exceeded the nitrate limit (19 of 808), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Buxar district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 45.6 to 288.94 ppb across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,955 to 1,983 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Buxar.
Across Bihar, 4.58% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (37 of 808) and 2.35% exceeded the nitrate limit (19 of 808), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gaya district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 112 to 195 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Bihar, 4.58% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (37 of 808) and 2.35% exceeded the nitrate limit (19 of 808), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Khagaria district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Arsenic measured 15.42 to 249.78 ppb across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across Bihar, 4.58% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (37 of 808) and 2.35% exceeded the nitrate limit (19 of 808), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Arsenic measured 10.81 to 51 ppb across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across Bihar, 4.58% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (37 of 808) and 2.35% exceeded the nitrate limit (19 of 808), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Patna district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.03 to 25.8 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Bihar, 4.58% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (37 of 808) and 2.35% exceeded the nitrate limit (19 of 808), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Araria district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 4.15 to 8.61 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Arwal district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 68 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Aurangabad district, Bihar, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity and nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 62 to 125 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,122 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Banka district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.05 to 3.92 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Begusarai district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Arsenic measured 10.66 to 80.82 ppb across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Darbhanga district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for arsenic in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Arsenic measured 13.43 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Groundwater quality in East Champaran district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.17 to 9.22 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Gopalganj district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 129 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jamui district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Iron measured 1.32 to 6.03 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jehanabad district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 188 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,732 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kaimur district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.08 to 10.09 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Katihar district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 9.47 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kishanganj district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.62 to 8.79 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Lakhisarai district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 7.54 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,923 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Madhepura district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.04 to 10.62 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Madhubani district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.441 to 11.18 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Munger district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.99 to 13.69 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nalanda district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 175 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,541 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Nawada district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.22 to 8.21 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Purnia district, Bihar, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Rohtas district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.09 to 1.95 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Saharsa district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Iron measured 1.52 to 24.14 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Samastipur district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.01 to 4.94 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Saran district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.01 to 3.52 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sheikhpura district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 155 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sheohar district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 47.7 to 69.62 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Sitamarhi district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Arsenic measured 11.11 to 85.87 ppb across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Siwan district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 104 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,923 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Supaul district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.06 to 7.16 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Vaishali district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.01 to 2.73 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,317 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in West Champaran district, Bihar, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.06 to 12.93 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Chandigarh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (1 of 1 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Chandigarh district, Chandigarh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.637 to 0.927 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across Chandigarh, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 8) and 0% exceeded the nitrate limit (0 of 8), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Chhattisgarh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (23 of 28 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Durg district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 66 mg/L across 16 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Chhattisgarh, 1.79% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (14 of 783) and 11.49% exceeded the nitrate limit (90 of 783), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Korba district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 71.45 to 114.69 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Across Chhattisgarh, 1.79% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (14 of 783) and 11.49% exceeded the nitrate limit (90 of 783), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 61 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Chhattisgarh, 1.79% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (14 of 783) and 11.49% exceeded the nitrate limit (90 of 783), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Balod district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 61 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Balodabazar district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 48 to 68 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 49 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bastar district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.9 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bemetara district, Chhattisgarh, which covers areas including Bametara, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 4,810 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,078 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 188 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dakshin Bastar Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Dhamtari district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.62 to 2.32 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Gariaband district, Chhattisgarh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Gariyabandh district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 56 to 63 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Janjgir-Champa district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 4,280 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,739 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Jashpur district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 46 to 58 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kabeerdham district, Chhattisgarh, which covers areas including Kawardha, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 57 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kondagaon district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists.
Groundwater quality in Koriya district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride and uranium in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.92 to 4.3 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mahasamund district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.8 to 2.4 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mungeli district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 5,120 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,277 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Narayanpur district, Chhattisgarh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Raigarh district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Uranium measured 114.9 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.6 to 2.48 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sukma district, Chhattisgarh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Surajpur district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Fluoride measured 2.89 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Surguja district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 46 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Uttar Bastar Kanker district, Chhattisgarh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 52 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Dadra & Nagar Haveli groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (1 of 3 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Daman district, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Dadra and Nagar Haveli district, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Diu district, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity in the 2025 release. Electrical conductivity measured 14,980 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 9,587 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Delhi groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (11 of 12 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Central district, Delhi, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity, nitrate and manganese in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 115 to 480 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,290 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Central.
Across Delhi, 16.5% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (17 of 103) and 20.39% exceeded the nitrate limit (21 of 103), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Delhi district, Delhi, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in New Delhi district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 130 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Delhi, 16.5% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (17 of 103) and 20.39% exceeded the nitrate limit (21 of 103), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in North West district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, uranium, manganese and lead in 2025. Nitrate measured 130 to 994 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,382 to 9,280 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in North West.
Across Delhi, 16.5% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (17 of 103) and 20.39% exceeded the nitrate limit (21 of 103), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in South West district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, uranium, manganese and lead in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 460 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,221 to 8,198 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in South West.
Across Delhi, 16.5% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (17 of 103) and 20.39% exceeded the nitrate limit (21 of 103), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in East district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 100 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in North district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, uranium, manganese and lead in 2025. Lead measured 0.053 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.01 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,074 to 3,968 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in North East district, Delhi, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity in the 2025 release. Electrical conductivity measured 3,220 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,061 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Shahdara district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and fluoride in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Electrical conductivity measured 3,600 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,304 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in South district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 199 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in South East district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Arsenic measured 74.471 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,278 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in West district, Delhi, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, manganese and lead in 2025. Lead measured 0.056 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.01 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,251 to 10,739 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Goa groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (1 of 2 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in North Goa district, Goa, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate and manganese in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 96 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Goa, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 10) and 0% exceeded the nitrate limit (0 of 10), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in South Goa district, Goa, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Gujarat groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (30 of 33 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Ahmedabad district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 457 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 4,112 to 8,768 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Ahmedabad.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Fluoride measured 2.2 to 5.74 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,962 to 6,033 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Bhavnagar.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Devbhumi Dwarka district, Gujarat, which covers areas including Devbhoomi Dwarka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 515 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,022 to 7,776 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Devbhumi Dwarka.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gandhinagar district, Gujarat, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Jamnagar district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 5.7 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,958 to 6,218 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jamnagar.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Panchmahal district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 301 to 550 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Porbandar district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 484 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,980 to 16,563 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Porbandar.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Rajkot district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 772 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,923 to 5,491 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Rajkot.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Surat district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Fluoride measured 1.56 to 3.8 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Surendranagar district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 59 to 866 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,979 to 14,920 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Surendranagar.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Vadodara district, Gujarat, which is also written as Baroda, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.56 to 2.5 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,935 to 2,847 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Vadodara.
Across Gujarat, 13.92% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (88 of 632) and 18.04% exceeded the nitrate limit (114 of 632), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Amreli district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 81 to 214 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 4,462 to 6,848 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Anand district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 87 to 198 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,961 to 3,660 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Aravalli district, Gujarat, which covers areas including Arvalli, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 65 to 149 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Banaskantha district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.82 to 4.3 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,563 to 4,413 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Bharuch district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 59 to 198 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,632 to 3,831 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Botad district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and fluoride in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and uranium in 2025. Fluoride measured 5.9 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,513 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Chhota Udepur district, Gujarat, which covers areas including Chhota Udaipur, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 114 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,656 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Dahod district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 99 to 145 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dang district, Gujarat, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Gir Somnath district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and fluoride in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 84 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,948 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Junagadh district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 3,175 to 14,300 µS/cm across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,032 to 9,152 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kachchh district, Gujarat, which is also written as Kutch, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.6 to 7.7 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,990 to 6,359 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kheda district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 199 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,948 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Mahisagar district, Gujarat, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Mehsana district, Gujarat, which covers areas including Mahesana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity and fluoride in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 3,035 to 4,166 µS/cm across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,942 to 2,666 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Morbi district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 82 to 115 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,525 to 3,384 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Narmada district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and fluoride in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Fluoride measured 2.1 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,281 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Navsari district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Electrical conductivity measured 3,202 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,049 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Patan district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and fluoride in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, uranium and manganese in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 6,994 to 32,970 µS/cm across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 4,476 to 21,101 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Sabarkantha district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 397 mg/L across 19 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,131 to 3,375 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tapi district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 55 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Valsad district, Gujarat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Electrical conductivity measured 4,604 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,947 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Haryana groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (22 of 22 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Bhiwani district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.6 to 16 mg/L across 25 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,085 to 5,083 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Bhiwani.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Faridabad district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 66 to 103 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,040 to 4,113 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Faridabad.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gurugram district, Haryana, which is also written as Gurgaon, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 397 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,926 to 11,190 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Gurugram.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Hisar district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 65 to 781 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,975 to 7,136 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Hisar.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jind district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 721 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 7,699 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jind.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Karnal district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 169 to 480 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,170 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Karnal.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Palwal district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 578 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,177 to 6,139 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Palwal.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Panipat district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 456 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,382 to 5,311 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Panipat.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Rohtak district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 58 to 240 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,331 to 5,828 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Rohtak.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sirsa district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and fluoride in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.6 to 22 mg/L across 21 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,073 to 6,198 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Sirsa.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sonipat district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 520 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,048 to 6,374 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Sonipat.
Across Haryana, 23.66% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (208 of 879) and 14.56% exceeded the nitrate limit (128 of 879), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ambala district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 324 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,056 to 2,822 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Charkhi Dadri district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and fluoride in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 3,017 to 7,127 µS/cm across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,931 to 4,561 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Fatehabad district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.57 to 8.71 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,227 to 9,946 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Jhajjar district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 3,990 to 23,412 µS/cm across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,554 to 14,984 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kaithal district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 81 to 234 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,994 to 4,602 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kurukshetra district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 30.05 to 90.65 ppb across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Mahendragarh district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.61 to 4.01 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,061 to 3,424 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Nuh district, Haryana, which covers areas including Mewat, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 51 to 317 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,122 to 12,659 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Panchkula district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 95 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,132 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Rewari district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 105 to 230 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,377 to 5,498 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Yamunanagar district, Haryana, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.27 to 16.17 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Himachal Pradesh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (9 of 12 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 58 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride in the 2025 release. Fluoride measured 6.6 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 124 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.97 to 5.08 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 72 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Lahaul and Spiti district, Himachal Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 4.15 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh, which covers areas including Sirmour, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Iron measured 6.06 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Solan district, Himachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 85 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Una district, Himachal Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 156 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Jammu & Kashmir groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (8 of 22 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Jammu district, Jammu & Kashmir, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.479 to 6.978 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across Jammu & Kashmir, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 250) and 9.2% exceeded the nitrate limit (23 of 250), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Srinagar district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Anantnag district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Bandipora district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Baramulla district, Jammu & Kashmir, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.84 to 25.28 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Budgam district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Doda district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Ganderbal district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kathua district, Jammu & Kashmir, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.02 to 5.78 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kishtwar district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kulgam district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kupwara district, Jammu & Kashmir, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 4.42 to 5.07 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mirpur district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Muzaffarabad district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Pulwama district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Punch district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Rajouri district, Jammu & Kashmir, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 70 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ramban district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Reasi district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 5.241 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Samba district, Jammu & Kashmir, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 12.73 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shopiyan district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Udhampur district, Jammu & Kashmir, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 64 to 172 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Jharkhand groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (23 of 24 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Bokaro district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.25 to 13.74 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Jharkhand, 2.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (11 of 397) and 5.79% exceeded the nitrate limit (23 of 397), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.47 to 12.4 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Jharkhand, 2.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (11 of 397) and 5.79% exceeded the nitrate limit (23 of 397), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ranchi district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.37 to 19.3 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Jharkhand, 2.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (11 of 397) and 5.79% exceeded the nitrate limit (23 of 397), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Chatra district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Iron measured 1.37 to 6.08 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Deoghar district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 10.85 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dumka district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.7 to 5.5 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, which covers areas including E. Singhbhum, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.37 to 26.61 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Garhwa district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 56 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Giridih district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.11 to 9.12 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Godda district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 16.56 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Gumla district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.45 to 6.84 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.02 to 2.18 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jamtara district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.21 to 3.57 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Khunti district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.27 to 1.53 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Koderma district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.79 to 4.8 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Latehar district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.03 to 15.16 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Lohardaga district, Jharkhand, which covers areas including Loherdaga, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 8.57 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Pakur district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.38 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Palamu district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Iron measured 1.13 to 1.78 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ramgarh district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 2.93 to 22.99 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sahibganj district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.36 to 3.24 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Saraikela-Kharsawan district, Jharkhand, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Simdega district, Jharkhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.45 to 5.28 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in West Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, which covers areas including W Singhbhum, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.49 to 2.88 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Karnataka groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (31 of 31 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Belgaum district, Karnataka, which covers areas including belagavi, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 213 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,965 to 4,173 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Belgaum.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bellary district, Karnataka, which covers areas including ballari, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 180.1 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,694 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Bellary.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bengaluru Urban district, Karnataka, which covers areas including Whitefield and Electronic City, and is also written as Bangalore, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate, uranium and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 1.573 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bijapur district, Karnataka, which covers areas including vijayapura, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 484 mg/L across 18 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,061 to 4,250 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Bijapur.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka, which is also written as Chikballapur, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, uranium and manganese in 2025. Uranium measured 488.1 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Chitradurga district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 56 to 1,926 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,288 to 7,008 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Chitradurga.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.948 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Davanagere district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 292 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,419 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Davanagere.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Dharwad district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 116 to 953 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,942 to 5,151 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Dharwad.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gadag district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in 2025. Nitrate measured 56 to 477 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,054 to 5,562 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Gadag.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gulbarga district, Karnataka, which covers areas including kalaburagi, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 227 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kolar district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 598 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Koppal district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 82 to 644 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,739 to 3,776 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Koppal.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Mysore district, Karnataka, which covers areas including mysuru, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 67 to 221 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Raichur district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, uranium and lead in 2025. Lead measured 0.356 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.01 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,330 to 5,152 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Raichur.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Tumkur district, Karnataka, which covers areas including tumakuru, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Uranium measured 65.1 to 643.2 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,381 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Tumkur.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Vijayanagara district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 353.1 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,965 to 2,886 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Vijayanagara.
Across Karnataka, 17.68% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (61 of 345) and 48.99% exceeded the nitrate limit (169 of 345), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bagalkote district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 56 to 158 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,144 to 6,464 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Bengaluru Rural district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 77 to 400 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bidar district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 128 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chamarajanagara district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 93 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists.
Groundwater quality in Hassan district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 93 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Haveri district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 66 to 123 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kodagu district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 61 to 94 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mandya district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 3.767 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ramanagara district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 89 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shivamogga district, Karnataka, which covers areas including Shivmoga, and is also written as Shimoga, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.388 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Udupi district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.85 to 16.07 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.598 to 1.146 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Yadgir district, Karnataka, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 84 to 303 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,368 to 3,507 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Kerala groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (14 of 14 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, which covers areas including Kochi, and is also written as Cochin, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.59 to 2.88 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Kerala, 0.29% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (1 of 342) and 6.73% exceeded the nitrate limit (23 of 342), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kozhikode district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 3.01 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Kerala, 0.29% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (1 of 342) and 6.73% exceeded the nitrate limit (23 of 342), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, which is also written as Trivandrum, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 56 to 153 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Kerala, 0.29% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (1 of 342) and 6.73% exceeded the nitrate limit (23 of 342), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Alappuzha district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.11 to 3.41 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Idukki district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 10.19 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kannur district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 65 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kasaragod district, Kerala, which covers areas including Kasarakode, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 2.7 to 11.73 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kollam district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.01 to 9.59 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kottayam district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 71 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Malappuram district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.08 to 15.49 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Palakkad district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.16 to 4.22 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, which covers areas including Pathanamthita, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 79 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Thrissur district, Kerala, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.27 to 31.88 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Wayanad district, Kerala, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate and iron in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 62 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Ladakh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (0 of 2 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Leh district, Ladakh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kargil district, Ladakh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Lakshadweep groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (0 of 1 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Lakshadweep district, Lakshadweep, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Madhya Pradesh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (50 of 52 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 260 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,938 to 2,331 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Gwalior.
Across Madhya Pradesh, 1.02% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (6 of 589) and 22.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (133 of 589), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Indore district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 94 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,368 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Indore.
Across Madhya Pradesh, 1.02% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (6 of 589) and 22.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (133 of 589), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 65 to 85 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Madhya Pradesh, 1.02% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (6 of 589) and 22.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (133 of 589), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic, manganese and lead in 2025. Iron measured 3.419 to 17.876 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Madhya Pradesh, 1.02% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (6 of 589) and 22.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (133 of 589), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 111 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Madhya Pradesh, 1.02% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (6 of 589) and 22.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (133 of 589), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Agar malwa district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 2.341 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Alirajpur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Anuppur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 46 to 135 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ashok Nagar district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 2.45 to 2.47 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.04 to 2.2 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Barwani district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 75 to 115 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride and nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 95 to 200 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bhind district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and lead in 2025. Nitrate measured 62 to 151 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,287 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Burhanpur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and lead in 2025. Lead measured 0.057 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.01 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 88 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.31 to 1.572 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Damoh district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.54 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and lead in 2025. Lead measured 0.022 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.01 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,287 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Dewas district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 85 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 120 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dindori district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.322 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Guna district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and lead in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 125 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Harda district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 142 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity in the 2025 release. Electrical conductivity measured 3,145 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,013 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Jhabua district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 112 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Katni district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 144 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Khandwa district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 2.23 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Khargone district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 207 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Fluoride measured 2.3 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mandsaur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.437 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Morena district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 69 to 254 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Narsinghpur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 58 to 104 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Neemuch district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 347 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,239 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Niwari district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Panna district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 132 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 48 to 134 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Rajgarh district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 133 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 123 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 53 to 71 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Satna district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 93 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and lead in 2025. Iron measured 2.35 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.472 to 0.704 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shahdol district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and lead in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 135 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shajapur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.32 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sheopur district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 59 to 212 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 65 to 244 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,154 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Sidhi district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 199 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Singrauli district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 46 to 66 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Tikamgarh district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 90 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Umaria district, Madhya Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 160 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Vidisha district, Madhya Pradesh, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate and lead in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 63 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Maharashtra groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (34 of 36 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 580 mg/L across 32 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,926 to 5,743 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Ahmednagar.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Akola district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 290 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,237 to 3,826 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Akola.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Amravati district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 609 mg/L across 40 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,962 to 4,474 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Amravati.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 56 to 511 mg/L across 29 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,323 to 6,042 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Aurangabad.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Beed district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 633 mg/L across 30 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,990 to 5,368 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Beed.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Dhule district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 252 mg/L across 23 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 248 mg/L across 23 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,300 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jalgaon.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jalna district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 505 mg/L across 26 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,776 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jalna.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 48 to 58 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Latur district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 165 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Mumbai City district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for arsenic in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nagpur district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 11,040 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 7,066 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Nagpur.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nanded district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 155 mg/L across 22 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,975 to 2,048 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Nanded.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nashik district, Maharashtra, which covers areas including Nasik, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 259 mg/L across 15 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 4,049 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Nashik.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Palghar district, Maharashtra, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Pune district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 90 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sangli district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 65 to 123 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,826 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Sangli.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Solapur district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 124 mg/L across 17 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,967 to 3,074 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Solapur.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Thane district, Maharashtra, which covers areas including Navi Mumbai, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 5,018 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,212 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Thane.
Across Maharashtra, 1.91% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (30 of 1,567) and 35.74% exceeded the nitrate limit (560 of 1,567), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bhandara district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 143 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 56 to 284 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,446 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.56 to 14.6 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,939 to 4,895 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Gadchiroli district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 199 mg/L across 17 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 7,066 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Gondia district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 142 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hingoli district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 90 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mumbai Suburban district, Maharashtra, which covers areas including Andheri, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Nandurbar district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 52 to 279 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,845 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Osmanabad district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.64 to 2.15 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Parbhani district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 11,000 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 7,040 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Raigad district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 62 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,473 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.98 to 9.13 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,762 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Satara district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 220 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 4,927 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, which covers areas including Sindudurg, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 2.08 to 11.08 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Wardha district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 306 mg/L across 34 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,263 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Washim district, Maharashtra, which covers areas including Wasim, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.17 to 4.13 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 195 mg/L across 31 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Manipur groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (1 of 16 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Imphal West district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Bishnupur district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Chandel district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Churachandpur district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Imphal East district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Jiribam district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kakching district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kamjong district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kangpokpi district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Noney district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Pherzawl district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Senapati district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.604 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Tamenglong district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Tengnoupal district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Thoubal district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Ukhrul district, Manipur, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Meghalaya groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (7 of 11 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 2.03 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Meghalaya, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 39) and 0% exceeded the nitrate limit (0 of 39), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in East Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in East Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in North Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 4.14 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ribhoi district, Meghalaya, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 8.007 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in South Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.969 to 1.032 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in South West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.108 to 1.131 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in South West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.99 to 5.01 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in West Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 18.4 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Mizoram groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (1 of 10 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Aizawl district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Champhai district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Hnahthial district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Khawzawl district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Kolasib district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Lawngtlai district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Lunglei district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Mamit district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 56 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Saiha district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Serchhip district, Mizoram, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Nagaland groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (9 of 14 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Kohima district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.101 to 7.221 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Nagaland, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 6) and 0% exceeded the nitrate limit (0 of 6), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Chumukedima district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.008 to 2.759 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dimapur district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.421 to 3.15 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kiphire district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Longleng district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Mokokchung district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride, nitrate, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 6.904 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mon district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Nuiland district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 2.013 to 5.459 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Peren district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Phek district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.675 to 1.159 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Tseminyu district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 55 to 59 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Tuensang district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Wokha district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate and manganese in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 50 to 52 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Zunheboto district, Nagaland, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 3.719 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Odisha groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (29 of 30 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Cuttack district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.16 to 11.22 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Odisha, 4.48% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (28 of 625) and 14.4% exceeded the nitrate limit (90 of 625), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ganjam district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 20.3 to 135.2 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,890 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Ganjam.
Across Odisha, 4.48% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (28 of 625) and 14.4% exceeded the nitrate limit (90 of 625), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Khordha district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 94 to 142 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Odisha, 4.48% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (28 of 625) and 14.4% exceeded the nitrate limit (90 of 625), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nuapada district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, manganese, lead and zinc in 2025. Iron measured 1.01 to 40.91 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,208 to 2,490 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Nuapada.
Across Odisha, 4.48% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (28 of 625) and 14.4% exceeded the nitrate limit (90 of 625), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Angul district, Odisha, which covers areas including Anugul, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.12 to 26.32 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,953 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Balangir district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 276 mg/L across 18 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,332 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Balasore district, Odisha, which covers areas including Baleshwar, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.26 to 4.55 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bargarh district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.23 to 43.39 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,086 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Bhadrak district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for arsenic in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.187 to 5.755 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Boudh district, Odisha, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride, nitrate, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.12 to 9.56 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Deogarh district, Odisha, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.4 to 2.13 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dhenkanal district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.904 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,959 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Gajapati district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.73 to 40.98 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jagatsinghpur district, Odisha, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Jajpur district, Odisha, which covers areas including Jajapur, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 6.628 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jharsuguda district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.389 to 0.748 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kalahandi district, Odisha, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride, nitrate, iron, uranium, manganese and zinc in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.13 to 4.74 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kandhamal district, Odisha, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 71 to 115 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kendrapara district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.439 to 1.746 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kendujhar district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.42 to 2.22 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Koraput district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 19.37 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Malkangiri district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.133 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.05 to 16.44 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nabarangapur district, Odisha, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.19 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nayagarh district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.311 to 0.83 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Puri district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.385 to 5.849 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,029 to 3,478 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Rayagada district, Odisha, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 58 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sambalpur district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic, manganese, lead and zinc in 2025. Iron measured 1.16 to 65.92 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Subarnapur district, Odisha, which covers areas including Sonapur, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.45 to 15.42 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sundargarh district, Odisha, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.4 to 20.92 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Puducherry groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (2 of 4 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Puducherry district, Puducherry, which is also written as Pondicherry, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.346 to 0.454 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across Puducherry, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 4) and 25% exceeded the nitrate limit (1 of 4), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Karaikal district, Puducherry, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride in the 2025 release. Fluoride measured 1.74 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mahe district, Puducherry, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Yanam district, Puducherry, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Punjab groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (22 of 22 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Amritsar district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 10.6 to 67.8 ppb across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bathinda district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 460 mg/L across 23 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,940 to 3,632 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Bathinda.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Fazilka district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 813 mg/L across 16 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,935 to 7,063 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Fazilka.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jalandhar district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 30.2 to 63.2 ppb across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ludhiana district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 66 to 110 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Mansa district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 470 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,926 to 4,246 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Mansa.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Patiala district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 415 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,971 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Patiala.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sangrur district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 30.27 to 306.6 ppb across 34 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sas Nagar district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 422 to 574 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,221 to 3,072 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Sas Nagar.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sri Muktsar Sahib district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 950 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,984 to 7,264 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Sri Muktsar Sahib.
Across Punjab, 13.77% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (127 of 922) and 12.58% exceeded the nitrate limit (116 of 922), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Barnala district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 32.23 to 51.39 ppb across 18 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Faridkot district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 52 to 366 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,958 to 4,059 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Fatehgarh Sahib district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 3.77 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ferozepur district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.6 to 6 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,995 to 3,229 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 10.037 to 73.252 ppb across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Hoshiarpur district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and lead in 2025. Iron measured 3.03 to 5.27 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kapurthala district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 2.86 to 5.67 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Moga district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.7 to 10 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Pathankot district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 6.48 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Rupnagar district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Arsenic measured 12.757 to 61.327 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district, Punjab, which covers areas including Nawanshahr, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 3.63 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,599 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tarn Taran district, Punjab, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in 2025. Arsenic measured 10.6 to 37.9 ppb across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Rajasthan groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (32 of 33 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Ajmer district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 80 to 556 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,394 to 6,234 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Ajmer.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Barmer district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, uranium and lead in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 601 mg/L across 37 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,010 to 13,926 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Barmer.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bhilwara district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and lead in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 891 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,990 to 6,003 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Bhilwara.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bikaner district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.52 to 15 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,946 to 9,024 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Bikaner.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Chittorgarh district, Rajasthan, which covers areas including Chittaurgarh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 68 to 525 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,112 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Chittorgarh.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Churu district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 1,202 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,952 to 17,408 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Churu.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Dausa district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity in 2025. Nitrate measured 73 to 794 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,933 to 6,662 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Dausa.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ganganagar district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.65 to 18.2 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,170 to 5,408 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Ganganagar.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 775 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,997 to 4,474 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Hanumangarh.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jaipur district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 266 mg/L across 18 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,984 to 9,408 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jaipur.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 590 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,010 to 7,904 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jaisalmer.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Uranium measured 32 to 1,035 ppb across 34 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,946 to 16,000 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jodhpur.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kota district, Rajasthan, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Nagaur district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 545 mg/L across 21 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,464 to 12,960 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Nagaur.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Pali district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 537 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,080 to 12,275 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Pali.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Tonk district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Uranium measured 40 to 600 ppb across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,010 to 9,216 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Tonk.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Udaipur district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Iron measured 1.13 to 9.97 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,003 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Udaipur.
Across Rajasthan, 43.17% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (272 of 630) and 49.52% exceeded the nitrate limit (312 of 630), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Alwar district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 115 to 320 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,181 to 5,312 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Banswara district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 50 to 115 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Baran district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 46 to 72 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bharatpur district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Uranium measured 51 to 135 ppb across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,930 to 6,029 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Bundi district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity in 2025. Nitrate measured 129 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,080 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Dholpur district, Rajasthan, which covers areas including Dhaulpur, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.57 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, which covers areas including Dungaarpur, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.11 to 3.81 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jalore district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 340 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,003 to 11,776 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Jhalawar district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 11.17 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 360 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,112 to 4,838 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Karauli district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 63 to 398 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,022 to 4,480 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 52 to 130 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Rajsamand district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 137 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,125 to 2,202 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Sawai Madhopur district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 250 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sikar district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 75 to 220 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,976 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Sirohi district, Rajasthan, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 400 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,014 to 3,642 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Sikkim groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (0 of 4 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in East Sikkim district, Sikkim, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in North Sikkim district, Sikkim, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in South Sikkim district, Sikkim, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in West Sikkim district, Sikkim, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Tamil Nadu groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (38 of 38 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, which is also written as Madras, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 5,590 µS/cm across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,578 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Chennai.
Across Tamil Nadu, 9.72% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (89 of 916) and 37.77% exceeded the nitrate limit (346 of 916), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 67 to 222 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,035 to 4,922 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Coimbatore.
Across Tamil Nadu, 9.72% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (89 of 916) and 37.77% exceeded the nitrate limit (346 of 916), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 1.453 to 46.895 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Tamil Nadu, 9.72% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (89 of 916) and 37.77% exceeded the nitrate limit (346 of 916), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Salem district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 57 to 433 mg/L across 16 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,971 to 4,448 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Salem.
Across Tamil Nadu, 9.72% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (89 of 916) and 37.77% exceeded the nitrate limit (346 of 916), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, which is also written as Trichy, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, uranium and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 243 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,245 to 4,993 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Tiruchirappalli.
Across Tamil Nadu, 9.72% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (89 of 916) and 37.77% exceeded the nitrate limit (346 of 916), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 106 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,978 to 4,147 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Tirunelveli.
Across Tamil Nadu, 9.72% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (89 of 916) and 37.77% exceeded the nitrate limit (346 of 916), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and lead in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 57 to 92 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,682 to 2,746 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Tiruppur.
Across Tamil Nadu, 9.72% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (89 of 916) and 37.77% exceeded the nitrate limit (346 of 916), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.402 to 1.283 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 54 to 87 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.336 to 1.89 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,451 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 171 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,067 to 5,101 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 3.263 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,933 to 2,592 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Erode district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 284 mg/L across 30 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,176 to 2,285 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kallakurichi district, Tamil Nadu, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 112 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 134 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,354 to 5,670 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 59 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Karur district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 52 to 210 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 7 to 8.41 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,266 to 2,342 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron in the 2025 release. Iron measured 3.031 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.708 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,470 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 337 mg/L across 22 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,099 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 67 to 190 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,323 to 3,642 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Uranium measured 39.61 to 144 ppb across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,472 to 4,397 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, iron, manganese and zinc in 2025. Iron measured 24.82 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,618 to 16,192 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, arsenic and uranium in 2025. Arsenic measured 63.7 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,669 to 6,835 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Ranipet district, Tamil Nadu, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for fluoride and manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.418 to 1.034 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 1.948 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,048 to 3,712 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tenkasi district, Tamil Nadu, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and manganese in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 92 to 331 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,099 to 2,102 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 164 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Theni district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 314 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,675 to 2,739 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Thoothukkudi district, Tamil Nadu, which covers areas including Tuticorin, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 175 to 297 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,125 to 3,808 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tirupathur district, Tamil Nadu, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for high salinity and nitrate in the 2025 release. Nitrate measured 49 to 112 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,496 to 2,618 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 50 to 108 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,803 to 2,861 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, which covers areas including Thiruvannamalai, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 93 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,362 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Tiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 57 to 88 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,560 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity in 2025. Nitrate measured 102 to 208 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 4,564 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Viluppuram district, Tamil Nadu, which covers areas including Villupuram, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and lead in 2025. Iron measured 4.99 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,979 to 4,141 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Electrical conductivity measured 3,640 to 19,880 µS/cm across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 3,000 µS/cm. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,330 to 12,723 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Telangana groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (33 of 33 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Hyderabad district, Telangana, which covers areas including Secunderabad and Gachibowli, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Iron measured 1.53 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Telangana, 14.87% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (171 of 1,150) and 27.48% exceeded the nitrate limit (316 of 1,150), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jogulamba Gadwal district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 61 to 585 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,189 to 12,698 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Jogulamba Gadwal.
Across Telangana, 14.87% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (171 of 1,150) and 27.48% exceeded the nitrate limit (316 of 1,150), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nagarkurnool district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 52 to 1,989 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 7,334 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Nagarkurnool.
Across Telangana, 14.87% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (171 of 1,150) and 27.48% exceeded the nitrate limit (316 of 1,150), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Rangareddy district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 590 mg/L across 44 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,054 to 2,106 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Rangareddy.
Across Telangana, 14.87% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (171 of 1,150) and 27.48% exceeded the nitrate limit (316 of 1,150), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Warangal district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 54 to 356 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,061 to 2,240 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Warangal.
Across Telangana, 14.87% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (171 of 1,150) and 27.48% exceeded the nitrate limit (316 of 1,150), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Adilabad district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 221 mg/L across 24 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana, which covers areas including B. Kothagudem, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 52 to 86 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,355 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Hanamkonda district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 280 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jagtial district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 169 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jangaon district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 45 to 169 mg/L across 19 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,588 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Jayashankar Bhupalapally district, Telangana, which covers areas including J. Bhupalapally, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 134 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,477 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Kamareddy district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 237 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Karimnagar district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.52 to 3.84 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Khammam district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 252 mg/L across 12 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,080 to 2,720 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Komaram Bheem Asifabad district, Telangana, which covers areas including KB Asifabad, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 52 to 98 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,965 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Mahabubabad district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 110 to 126 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.03 to 7.31 mg/L across 33 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mancherial district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 60 to 156 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,093 to 2,112 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Medak district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.19 to 49.86 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,022 to 3,578 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Medchal Malkajgiri district, Telangana, which covers areas including Medchal Malkanjgiri, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 127 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mulugu district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 89 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nalgonda district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 46 to 253 mg/L across 26 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,010 to 6,144 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Narayanpet district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 161 to 177 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nirmal district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 51 to 208 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nizamabad district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 1.44 to 8.82 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Peddapalli district, Telangana, which covers areas including Pedapalle, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.9 to 3.39 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,952 to 1,990 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Rajanna Sircilla district, Telangana, which covers areas including R. SIRCILLA, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 55 to 234 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sangareddy district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 48 to 307 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,392 to 4,240 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Siddipet district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 57 to 240 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,067 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Suryapet district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 83 to 183 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Vikarabad district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 223 mg/L across 22 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Wanaparthy district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 191 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district, Telangana, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 47 to 142 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,266 to 2,579 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Tripura groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (7 of 8 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in West Tripura district, Tripura, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.428 to 0.568 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across Tripura, 0% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (0 of 81) and 2.47% exceeded the nitrate limit (2 of 81), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Dhalai district, Tripura, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.321 to 1.255 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Gomati district, Tripura, which covers areas including Gomti, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.73 to 2.02 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Khowai district, Tripura, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.54 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in North Tripura district, Tripura, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.369 to 2.201 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sipahijala district, Tripura, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for manganese in the 2025 release. Manganese measured 0.315 to 0.684 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in South Tripura district, Tripura, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.07 to 5.04 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Unokoti district, Tripura, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Uttar Pradesh groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (75 of 75 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Agra district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 104 to 135 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,061 to 4,404 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Agra.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in 2025. Uranium measured 33.02 to 146 ppb across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,967 to 2,818 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Aligarh.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron and arsenic in 2025. Arsenic measured 12 to 103 ppb across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron and arsenic in 2025. Arsenic measured 106.9 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.37 to 11.92 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.23 to 3.31 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 500 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,174 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Etawah.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 46 to 146 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,952 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Firozabad.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, which covers areas including G.B. Nagar, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 66 to 160 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,826 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Gautam Buddha Nagar.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.09 to 5.33 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,940 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Ghaziabad.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gonda district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Arsenic measured 14 to 130 ppb across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.07 to 5.17 mg/L across 16 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Jhansi district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.28 to 9.173 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kanpur Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 4.535 to 11.335 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.33 to 3.89 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, uranium and manganese in 2025. Nitrate measured 49 to 730 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,293 to 21,875 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Mathura.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.057 to 8.434 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 5.098 to 10.096 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.416 to 11.211 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Prayagraj (Allahabad) district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 1.14 to 16.63 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 2.54 to 7.03 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.474 to 37.053 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 4.78 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttar Pradesh, 5.7% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (79 of 1,387) and 9.37% exceeded the nitrate limit (130 of 1,387), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Ambedkar Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.66 to 2.72 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Amethi district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.69 to 7.89 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,973 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Amroha district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.76 to 7.17 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Auraiya district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, iron and manganese in 2025. Fluoride measured 4.41 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ayodhya (Faizabad) district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 6.654 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Azamgarh district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.39 to 11.57 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Nitrate measured 192 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Banda district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 79 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron and arsenic in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 3.61 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Basti district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.39 to 1.5 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bhadohi district, Uttar Pradesh, which covers areas including Sant Ravidas Nagar, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.43 to 1.71 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bijnor district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.54 to 7.49 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron, uranium, manganese and lead in 2025. Iron measured 1.619 to 5.141 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bulandshahr district, Uttar Pradesh, which covers areas including Bulandshahar, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.02 to 3.67 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and lead in 2025. Iron measured 1.029 to 6.259 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chitrakoot district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.249 to 37.118 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Deoria district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.19 to 7.1 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Etah district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 3.26 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Farrukhabad district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and iron in the 2024 report and iron and arsenic in 2025. Iron measured 1.87 to 4.39 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 20.33 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Ghazipur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.81 to 4.72 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,996 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Nitrate measured 73 to 318 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 1,928 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Hapur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 2.61 to 6.67 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.2 to 8.37 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hathras district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.14 to 5.05 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,354 to 5,842 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Jalaun district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 2.68 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.09 to 8.09 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kannauj district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, iron and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 1.252 to 4.648 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and uranium in 2025. Nitrate measured 84 to 396 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kasganj district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Nitrate measured 143 to 379 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kaushambi district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride and nitrate in the 2024 report and fluoride in 2025. Nitrate measured 300 to 400 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 45 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kushinagar district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.749 to 11.298 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Lakhimpur Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.046 to 10.175 mg/L across 13 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 6.87 mg/L across 18 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Maharajganj district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.2 to 2.51 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mahoba district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate, iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 5.06 to 18.26 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Arsenic measured 45 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,020 to 2,081 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Mau district, Uttar Pradesh, which covers areas including Maunath Bhanjan, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 3.94 to 4.17 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Mirzapur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.03 to 5.02 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Pilibhit district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.561 to 5.659 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Fluoride measured 1.6 to 5 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.5 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 1.11 to 17.85 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Rampur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron and arsenic in 2025. Iron measured 3.38 to 6.63 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sambhal district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and arsenic in 2025. Iron measured 2.47 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sant Kabir Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 2.252 to 9.769 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shahjahanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron, arsenic and uranium in 2025. Iron measured 1.01 to 8.583 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shamli district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron and uranium in the 2024 report and nitrate in 2025. Iron measured 5.96 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Shrawasti district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.67 to 3.35 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Siddharthnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.04 to 19.4 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sitapur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.01 to 4.87 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Sultanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for uranium in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Uranium measured 45.17 ppb across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 30 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and uranium in the 2024 report and iron, uranium and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.19 to 8.557 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,067 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Uttarakhand groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (12 of 13 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.5 to 43.33 mg/L across 16 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across Uttarakhand, 0.48% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (1 of 207) and 17.39% exceeded the nitrate limit (36 of 207), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Almora district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride and iron in 2025. Arsenic measured 10.423 to 79.637 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Groundwater quality in Bageshwar district, Uttarakhand, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate, iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.659 to 2.412 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron and manganese in the 2025 release. Iron measured 6.86 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Champawat district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.51 to 2.93 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron, arsenic and uranium in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.34 to 19.86 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Nainital district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 6.982 to 20.649 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Pauri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for iron, manganese and zinc in the 2025 release. Iron measured 7.539 to 15.595 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 exceedance lists, but the district was flagged for nitrate and iron in the 2025 release. Iron measured 1.229 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Tehri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.598 to 3.354 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.04 to 6 mg/L across 7 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and fluoride, nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.336 to 12.411 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
West Bengal groundwater quality by district from the CGWB 2024 and 2025 reports (22 of 23 monitored districts flagged):
Groundwater quality in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.6 to 12.9 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Howrah district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.13 to 8.64 mg/L across 3 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,244 to 2,678 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Howrah.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Kolkata district, West Bengal, which is also written as Calcutta, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.1 to 11.6 mg/L across 6 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Malda district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and fluoride, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 60.8 to 203.7 ppb across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,157 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Malda.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Murshidabad district, West Bengal, which covers areas including Berhampore, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 14.8 to 299.1 ppb across 23 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,099 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in Murshidabad.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Nadia district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 10.8 to 339.7 ppb across 19 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, fluoride, iron, arsenic, manganese and zinc in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 43.7 mg/L across 57 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,077 to 3,490 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in North 24 Parganas.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Paschim Bardhaman district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.733 to 1.724 mg/L across 2 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate, iron and arsenic in the 2024 report and high salinity, nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Arsenic measured 25.6 to 292.6 ppb across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 10 ppb. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,536 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
High electrical conductivity here indicates hard water, which is what causes scaling in geysers, kettles and washing machines in South 24 Parganas.
Across West Bengal, 0.73% of CGWB-monitored wells exceeded the fluoride limit (7 of 959) and 8.65% exceeded the nitrate limit (83 of 959), in the CGWB 2024 sampling round.
Groundwater quality in Alipurduar district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 3.4 mg/L across 1 monitoring site, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Bankura district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 53.7 mg/L across 32 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 3,542 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Birbhum district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 19.5 mg/L across 9 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 17.6 mg/L across 15 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for fluoride, nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and fluoride, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.2 to 16.8 mg/L across 15 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Hooghly district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron, arsenic and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 22 mg/L across 14 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and nitrate and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 10 mg/L across 10 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Jhargram district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.1 to 1.3 mg/L across 5 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Kalimpong district, West Bengal, did not appear in CGWB's 2024 or 2025 lists of monitoring sites exceeding BIS limits. The nine contaminants checked were salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic, uranium, manganese, lead and zinc. Absence from the list is not a clean certificate; it means no monitored well in the district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds.
Groundwater quality in Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 29.5 mg/L across 21 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and nitrate, iron and manganese in 2025. Iron measured 2.857 to 24.823 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for iron in the 2024 report and iron in 2025. Iron measured 1.1 to 12.9 mg/L across 8 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
Groundwater quality in Purulia district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for high salinity and nitrate in the 2024 report and high salinity and manganese in 2025. Manganese measured 0.497 to 0.916 mg/L across 4 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 0.3 mg/L. Estimated TDS at affected sites was 2,456 to 2,542 mg/L, derived from electrical conductivity as EC × 0.64.
Groundwater quality in Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal, was flagged by CGWB for nitrate and iron in the 2024 report, and the district did not appear in the 2025 exceedance lists. Iron measured 1.5 to 17.1 mg/L across 11 monitoring sites, against a BIS limit of 1.0 mg/L.
A flag means at least one CGWB monitoring well in the district was listed at or above the limit; the ranges shown cover only those sites, not the whole district. Where a district was sampled in both years, the range shown is the year with the worse reading, and the year is printed with it. Absence of a flag is not a clean certificate. Groundwater varies street to street, so a TDS meter reading plus, where flagged, a lab test of your own borewell or tap water is the only definitive check.
Compiled by Srinivasa Chaithanya, VSCTimes. Data extracted 2026-06-12 from the Central Ground Water Board's Annual Ground Water Quality Report 2024 and 2025 release, checked against BIS IS 10500:2012. 755 canonical districts after merging 61 duplicate spellings. Fluoride and iron use the BIS permissible limits, not the stricter acceptable limits. Estimated TDS is derived as EC × 0.64. Last updated .
Four steps from a government PDF to a decision you can act on.
Search your city or district, or click any district on the map. City names map to their district automatically, so Gurgaon finds Gurugram and Bangalore finds Bengaluru Urban.
Every figure comes from the government's 2024 and 2025 groundwater reports, shown side by side with the year cited on each contaminant. Nothing is estimated except TDS, which is labelled.
Each contaminant is checked against the BIS IS 10500 drinking-water standard, so you see exactly what is over the line and by how much.
You get a plain verdict: RO, UV and UF, or no purifier needed, plus what the water does to your geyser, kettle and washing machine.
It depends on what is dissolved in your water, not just how much. TDS can read low while fluoride or arsenic sits above the BIS limit, and those are the readings that decide, not the number on the meter. If your district shows no toxic contaminant flagged and your own tap tests low on TDS, a UV or UV+UF unit is enough: it handles microbes without stripping minerals or wasting water. If fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, uranium, lead or high salinity is flagged, you need an RO, because none of those can be boiled or filtered out by UV or UF. Modern RO units answer the old complaint that RO water is stripped by adding a mineraliser or a TDS controller, and the difference between those two decides how your water actually tastes. Once you know which you need, our tested purifier picks cover the units worth buying.
Not directly. CGWB monitors groundwater wells, not household taps, so this is closest to your reality if you draw from a borewell. Municipal piped supply from treated surface water usually tests better, but treated does not mean guaranteed: contamination incidents happen, and water can pick up problems in the pipes between the treatment plant and your tap. Treat this page as your district baseline, then confirm your own supply. A TDS meter tells you the dissolved load in seconds, and where a toxic contaminant is flagged here, a local water lab test is the only way to know.
BIS considers 500 mg/L acceptable and allows up to 2,000 mg/L only where no better source exists. But TDS is a bulk measure, not a safety verdict: it tells you how much is dissolved, never what. Water at 250 mg/L carrying 2 mg/L of fluoride is unsafe; water at 400 mg/L of mostly calcium and magnesium is fine and arguably better for you. Use TDS to size the problem and the contaminant flags on this page to identify it, and if you want the numbers behind each band, we go through what TDS level is actually safe to drink in detail.
No, and it can make it worse. Boiling kills bacteria and viruses, which is a real benefit if your risk is microbial. It does nothing to fluoride, arsenic, nitrate, uranium, lead or dissolved salts, because those stay behind when steam leaves. Boiling actually concentrates them slightly as the volume drops.
It means a CGWB report, 2024 or 2025, lists at least one monitored location in the district at or above the BIS threshold. Both rounds are shown side by side for each contaminant. It does not mean every source in the district is affected, and absence from the list is not a clean-water certificate, because monitoring wells are sparse and CGWB lists only the sites that exceeded.
It means no monitored well in your district exceeded a limit in those sampling rounds, which is genuinely good news, but it is not a certificate. CGWB publishes only the sites that exceeded, so a district can be absent because it was clean or because it was thinly sampled. Groundwater also varies street to street. A TDS meter on your own tap costs very little and tells you more about your specific supply than any district average.
Because the two rounds sample different locations, not the same wells twice. A district can be flagged in one year and absent in the other without either being wrong. We show both years side by side rather than picking one, and where they disagree the verdict uses the worse of the two, so a bad reading is never hidden by a better one the following year.
The Central Ground Water Board's Annual Ground Water Quality Reports 2024 (NHS 2023-24, 15,259 monitoring locations) and 2025 (pre-monsoon 2024 location annexures, which added manganese, lead and zinc). Each contaminant shows both years with the year cited. The dataset is versioned and refreshed with each annual release.
